Introduction to the prostate
The prostate is a small gland about the size of a walnut. It is located in the male pelvic region, below the bladder and in front of the rectum. One of its main functions is to produce some of the fluid that makes up semen.
Understanding Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
As a man ages, it is common for the prostate to slowly enlarge in size. This non-cancerous enlargement is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While BPH is generally not life-threatening, it can cause bothersome urinary symptoms as pressure from the enlarged gland restricts the flow of urine.
Factors influencing BPH
There are several risk factors that increase a man’s chance of developing BPH. Advancing age is strongly linked, as the prevalence increases significantly after 50 years old. A family history of BPH is also a risk factor that suggests a possible genetic component. Excess weight, whether overweight or obese, has been associated with larger prostate size and BPH symptoms. Lack of exercise has also been identified as a risk factor. Some research indicates erectile dysfunction may be linked as well.
Recognizing symptoms of enlarging prostate
Common symptoms of an enlarging prostate gland pressing on the urethra include increased urinary frequency, urgency, weak urine stream, inability to empty the bladder completely, and dribbling after urination. These symptoms occur due to obstruction of urine flow from the bladder to the outside.
Coping with urinary symptoms
Frequent urination, especially at night, can greatly disrupt sleep and daily activities. Urgency means an almost uncontrollable urge to urinate immediately, which if not possible can lead to urinary accidents. Weak stream and residual urine raise infection risks. Pain or burning during urination may indicate acute problems in the urinary tract.
When to seek medical attention
Occasionally, microscopic or visible blood may appear in the urine (hematuria) due to prostate or bladder irritation. While this may not always be serious, it does warrant medical follow-up to evaluate for more severe issues like cancer that may require urgent treatment.
Addressing BPH
While most men experience urinary symptoms, the degree can vary widely between individuals. Some have just a few bothersome signs while others have significant quality of life issues that require treatment. It is important for any man experiencing these types of urinary symptoms, especially if persistent or progressive, to consult their doctor for evaluation, testing, and discussion of treatment options. Early intervention can help relieve symptoms and complications of an enlarging prostate.
Dr Charles